The story of Raoul Wallenberg is an account of impassioned devotion to a community threatened with destruction. Living in a neutral country, driven only by his conscience, he took upon himself one of the most extraordinary individual humanitarian tasks of all time.
Remembering Raoul Wallenberg is a chamber theater performance. Wallenberg’s inspiring story is told through the music of the cello and violin, interspersed with readings from poetry, eyewitness accounts, media reports, literary works and narrative.
Today’s session will begin with background information on creating and researching the script, the importance of testimony and eye-witness reports, and continues with readings from the testimony of two women who were rescued by Wallenberg.
Pamela recently performed the testimony of Miriam Herzog, rescued by Wallenberg, at a memorial service for Vera Parnes in Montreal. This reading, accompanied by violin concludes the session.
Remembering Raoul Wallenberg has been performed at the International Finnish Festival, Tenth Anniversary of Wallenberg, Holocaust Remembrance programs in Pensacola, Lake Worth, and West Palm Beach; Florida Atlantic University; and for a community-wide 9/11 memorial for the city of West Palm Beach, FL. Discussion and excerpts have been presented in a diversity of forums and conferences in Vienna, Cracow, London, Jerusalem and various venues in the United States.

Kodály’s educational legacy has been a constant reference point in Hungary from the 1960’s until these days. Although his educational philosophy has had a defining impact on Hungarian music pedagogy over the past five decades, Kodály himself considered the humanistic and social aspect of his pedagogical system (not the mere musical one) as its most important, indeed defining, facet. According to his pedagogical philosophy, every methodological detail in music pedagogy must be motivated by its overall social and humanistic impact. However, based on recent empirical research conducted in Hungarian public schools, some of the most influential constructions and practices of the so-called ‘Kodály method’ haven’t succeeded to reach, or even address, this aim. Further to this, although Kodály’s philosophy was a key to the success of Hungarian music pedagogy after the 1970s, it does not seem any more to be able to address some of the most important educational challenges of our time. In this situation, how can Kodály’s influential pedagogical system be reconsidered and put into a wider context of social planning, following the original intentions of its author? This process is expected to include the renewal of some old and the introduction of several new pedagogical methodologies and practices, all based on Kodály’s pedagogical principles. I intend to give an introduction to new Kodály-based methodologies that are gaining increasing popularity and expect to make significant social impact through empowering engagement with music of children from highly diverse socio-cultural backgrounds.

Presentation celebrates the moral courage and humanitarian leadership of Raoul Wallenberg, Swedish diplomat sent to Hungary in July 1994 under the auspices of the US War Refugee Board to save the Jews of Budapest, the center of the largest concentration of Jews left on the continent of Europe. In the waning days of Nazi tyranny, Wallenberg is credited with saving 100,000 Jewish lives in six months before he was taken in January 1945 by the Soviets to a fate not completely confirmed today.
The Wallenberg Commemorative Year was inaugurated in Hungary in 2012, the 100th anniversary of his birth. The website listed extensive materials on Wallenberg's life, his Holocaust actions in Budapest, and accomplishments in the crucible that was Hungary, thereby providing resources on his courage and leadership in 1944-1945 for past generations to inform and inspire future generations. Honors from Hungary, Israel, Sweden, USA, and other nations remember Wallenberg's mission to Budapest.
Wallenberg's worldview and humanitarian leadership skills were forged by experiences in his youth and adulthood (after Banks ethnic /cultural topology). Moral reasoning stages (after Lawrence Kohlberg's schemata) demonstrate Wallenberg's advanced stance of moral courage. Literature implications from theory and practice (literature web) signal the importance of curriculum programs and intergenerational reading. Study of the humanitarian mission of Raoul Wallenberg is significant for families, schools, universities, and democratic societies. Wallenberg's legacy is memorialized by those who experienced the Hungarian Holocaust, noted scholars, and monuments, stamps, awards, and other commemorations in Hungary, USA, and around the world.

When the US Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921 and the Immigration Act (Johnson–Reed Act) in 1924 the measures introduced were largely aimed at limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and they clearly impacted the Hungarian migration trajectory. The paper looks back at the events taking place 100 years ago and assesses their impact on Hungarian immigration using an inter-American approach. It focuses on the 1920s, an era that often serves as the end of similar studies, and looks at US and Canadian policies together, this way providing novel insights into Hungarian immigration to North America. During this period Hungarian immigrants shifted categories between desired and undesirable, legal and illegal, restricted and deported among others and the migration pathway of Hungarians who wished to go to North America was transformed entirely with Canada becoming more attractive than before either as a springboard to the US or as a permanent destination. The paper reveals how these shifting categories and pathways were intertwined in the United States and Canada when it came to Hungarian immigration and also highlights how various aspects of current immigration debates have their roots in trends evolving 100 years ago. The paper also introduces a so far neglected topic when it addresses the issue of Hungarian illegal immigration on the US-Canada border in the 1920s.

The talk explores Hungarian EFL teachers’ beliefs about the educational value of stories and it examines how these beliefs are linked to teachers’ multiple identities. Despite the widely accepted cognitive, affective and linguistic benefits of telling and listening to stories (Bettelheim, 1991; Bruner, 1996; Elley, 1989; Schank & Abelson, 1995; Webster & Mertova, 2007), the convention in most Hungarian schools is to regard narratives as a decoration, instead of exploiting its potential as a context for imaginative and meaningful learning. Data gained from classroom observation and teachers’ narratives reveal a mismatch between current learning theories and teachers’ educational practice and they highlight the need to see teachers’ professional identities as shaped not only by their community of practice, but also by their specific cultural and educational traditions. It also appears from the research that learners’ development cannot be conceptualized without teachers’ growth: they are parts of the same complex, relational process which is indissociable from the social context, and from participants’ personal, professional and cultural history.

Rhetoric is considered an independent science in the Western world: departments and majors in a significant number of universities in Europe and America bear the label "rhetorical". Many current researches are based on the philosophy of rhetoric: it is used in influence techniques, gender studies, negotiation techniques, political communication and literary studies, and in addition, certain trends in the methodology of text analysis can also be considered rhetorical (e.g. Toulmin model, structuralist rhetoric analysis). Despite this, rhetoric is often questioned as an independent scientific theoretical basis and practical methodology. The author of this presentation has also encountered opinions at several conferences that recommended the methods of other disciplines (e.g. pragmatics, media studies, social psychology) as a necessary or possible complement to the author's methodological knowledge. The aim of the presentation is to present some aspects of the questioning of rhetoric, to strive to clarify misunderstandings, and to open up the possibility for rhetoric to be included in the Hungarian scientific context as an independent theoretical basis and methodology. The presentation seeks answers to questions such as where the boundary is drawn between rhetoric and pragmatics, rhetoric and grammar, rhetoric and composition, or rhetoric and stylistics. The author draws on the research results of European and American authors to formulate and answer the questions.

Participation in international science is an increasingly widespread expectation at universities in Hungary. The programs and faculties that are specifically based on native language are more difficult to meet this expectation: partly because of the language skills of instructors and partly the nature of the curriculum. The internationalization efforts launched at ELTE also aim to establish mostly English-language programs that are more likely to participate in university students from other countries. The paper presents such a plan: there are rhetoric curriculums in Western Europe and America, but there is no example in Hungary. Rhetoric is part of university education in Hungary, but often only optional. However it is not always clarified what science means by rhetoric, although the development of the duality of thinking and language usage is one of the key competences, both in the mother tongue and in a foreign language. The presentation covers the teaching of the theoretical foundations of rhetoric, as well as the necessity and methodology of developing oral and written skills in language usage, and developing possibilities of thinking in argumentation. In addition, it presents the regular theoretical foundation of papers and presentations for rhetoric researchers at international conferences. The aim of the paper is to present the philosophy, possible structure and market needs of the establishment of a master degree in Rhetoric that holds its own among international curriculums as well.

The Compromise of 1867 is one of the most controversial events in the dualist period, an event that has provoked extremely conflicting value-judgments in Hungarian historiography, and, more broadly, in Hungarian historical public opinion. The Compromise has been discussed in books, articles and historical essays to fill a whole library and has been the topic of a wealth of conferences and workshop discussions. Both as a cause of and background to the "good old peace-time days" or the "dungeon of peoples", the dualist monarchy is still alive and intensely debated in every-day historical public thinking.
Paging through a library of literature, the historian is, first, surprised and envious: why is there so great interest extending way beyond both the strict and broad confines of the profession? He is, then, somewhat perplexed, for on his first inquiry, it becomes clear what elicited and still elicits the unusual interest is only in a very small part the spectacular ceremony of crowning Franz-Jozef King of Hungary who had, de facto, ruled for two decades; or the operation of the political-constitutional system created by the compromise; or the success or failure of economic modernization extending up to World War I. Behind the symbolic meanings of the Compromise beyond its own significance there looms a whole series of basic issues of modern Hungarian history: Were there (are there) any alternatives in Hungarian social development or do regional factors, backwardness carried on since medieval times demarcate a compulsory pathway? Had there been and when any chance for western-like and democratic development, for catching up with Western Europe, or for a break-out of the peripheric state of backwardness? Had there been a reconcilable and balanced solution to the questions of national self-determination and the regional and/or European integration and which answer was realistic or unrealistic and when? As a consequence of the aforesaid, was there (is there?) a room for maneuver resulting in a real change of course and what is the responsibility of the Hungarian political elite and its leading personalities?

The complicated inter-relatedness of the Compromise and its close links to the fundamental modern-age issues of Hungarian historical development explain the intense professional as well as the broader public interest in it. The repeatedly erupting debates about the assessment of the Compromise indicate, as it were, when the answer to be given to the fundamental questions became current concern time and again in Hungarian political life. On the whole, this is how the evaluation of the Compromise became part of the national historical mythology and the assessors of the Compromise most often offered a straightforward or oblique clarification of their own value system and their self-definition by taking positions in relation to modern-age Hungarian social development until today.

Rigó Jancsi cigányprímás botrányos szerelmi történetét sokan és sokféleképpen dolgozták fel (Fényes Szabolcs operettet írt róla, Dankó Pista népszínművet), mégis rengeteg a kérdéses pont az életében. 1858-ban született Pákozdon, szegény cigánycsalád sarjaként. A felemelkedésre egyetlen lehetősége volt: a zenélés. Párizsban ismerte meg Clara Wardot, az 1873-ban született detroiti milliomoslányt, aki a belga, Marie Joseph Anatole Elie de Riquet de Caraman-Chimay herceg felesége, kétgyerekes anya volt. Rigó „megszöktette” Clarát, aki elvált férjétől és hozzáment a pírmáshoz. Az őket övező nemzetközi botrány biztosította megélhetésüket: Rigó hegedült, felesége átlátszó, hófehér ruhában pózolt. A sikerek után (fellépés a Moulin Rouge-ban stb.) Clara elvált Jancsitól, volt még két olasz férje, mielőtt 42 évesen, Padovában meghalt. Jancsi karrierje Amerikában folytatódott az 1900-as évek elején, ahol a New York-i Little Hungary nevű étteremben játszott. Itt úgy reklámozták, mint „A Világ leghíresebb hegedűsét”. Karrierjének csúcsa az volt, hogy itt Teddy Rooseveltnek zenélt. Később megismert egy Catherine Hadley nevű nőt, a Yale Egyetem egyik professzorának lányát, akit megszöktetett a férjétől és elvette feleségül. Rövid ideig Berlinben éltek, majd 1911-ben visszatértek Amerikába. Rigó 1927-ben tüdőbajban hal meg. A Kensico temetőben (Valhalla, New York állam) nyugszik. Tehetségét, hírnevét sosem tudta tartósan vagyonra váltani.
Az előadás Rigó Jancsi életének amerikai vonatkozásait mutatja be. Kapcsolatát detroiti feleségével, a normaszegő életet folytató Clarával, megérkezését Amerikába, ottani kapcsolatrendszerét, illetve azt, hogy miért nem volt képes hírneve ellenére átütő zenei sikert elérni és miért rekedt meg kávéházi zenészként, akit inkább botrányhősként, mint művészként tartottak számon.

The reception of the Acta Comparationis Litterarum Universarum (1877-1888), the first international journal founded in Cluj / Kolozsvár / Klausenburg (formely in Hungary, today in Romania) by Sámuel Brassai and Hugo von Meltzl / Meltzl Hugó, has always suffered from a certain "methodological nationalism”. While it has always stressed the transgressing of national boundaries and the transnational network of scholars around the new idea of the comparative method in literature, it has also recurrently emphasized the ethnic and national "belonging” of both of the founders and the collaborators. Hugo von Meltzl has been portrayed as the civilizing "German” who founded the journal after returning from its "Western” studies. The other founder, Sámuel Brassai was largely neglected as he was viewed as "the Eastern figure”, "the Hungarian” who had never been abroad, and in contact with "the West” before. Many of the extremely large network of scholars were mainly thought of as clear-cut figures of a single ethnic group. For instance, Dora d’Istria came to be viewed mostly as an "Italian”, and less as a "Romanian” or „Macedonian”. Ludwig-Adolf Simiginowicz-Staufe has been regarded as a "German”, even though his identity could not be simply described in such clear-cut ethnic terms.
Even though the first international journal foregrounds many culturally hybrid figures among the founders or permanent collaborators, the reception of the journal in the last century reshaped them into changing, and often biased clear-cut ethnic identities. My paper will reassess several ethnically biased narratives through which the founders and the hybrid, cosmopolitan international collaborators of the first international comparative literary journal were ethnicized, monopolized and appropriated.

With the proposed paper the author would like to remember, remind of, and commemorate the 25th anniversary of the latest turning point in Hungarian as well as in general East-Central European history: a determination and successful effort to get rid of the occupying Soviet armies, to put on end to the communist regime and to start on the road of freedom, private property, democracy and independence.
Tentative title of the paper: Road to Democracy, Hungary 1987-90. The role of Intellectuals. A personal account.

Major points of content:

- Life and society in communist Eastern Europe including post–1956 Hungary, especially in the 1980s, the years directly preceeding the events of change.
- The general role of writers, poets and other intellectuals in Eastern European and Hungarian literature society, life and politics.
- The author’s experiences of the changes.
- The first breakthrough in the tug of war between those in power and those representing the changes: a meeting in the now legendary tent of Lakitelek.
- The birth of MDF, or Magyar Demokrata Fórum, the party that won the first free elections in Hungary in 1990, concluding the first phase of the events.

The ethnic and cultural map of Transylvania has often been likened to a mosaic with good reason. Nowadays more than half of the ethnic Hungarian population in Romania lives in a diaspora situation. The actual local variations of diaspora situations and the stations of the diasporization process together with the answers and strategies to meet the challenges posed by a diaspora situation on the community and the individual level are influenced by a great number of historical, demographic, social, cultural, and mental factors. The paper is based on the results of fieldwork and archival research which has been carried out by Ágnes Fülemile and Balázs Balogh in several rural settlements around the Kalotaszeg region and Cluj/Kolozsvár since 1991.

After the Treaty of Trianon the main goal of Hungarian cultural policy was to gain cultural hegemony and to naturalize national identities. However this national cultural policy coincided with the spread of jazz and new dances which affected not only the American and Western European public but also the Hungarian one. The new popular music and dances violated the conventions in most countries, but in Hungary they also threatened the constructed national identity. They were foreign to traditional Hungarian culture, furthermore, they crossed racial and gender boundaries as jazz music rooted in Afro-American culture and the new dances redefined the way people looked at the female body. Therefore Hungary’s authoritarian government – as it couldn’t eliminate it – attempted to monitor and control this new form of leisure. This paper aims to show how jazz and the new dances spread all over the country as well as to examine the controversial regulations which were made by the national and local authorities.

There were four larger waves of Hungarian immigration from 1880 to 1990 to New Brunswick. Before the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, after the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, after the end of the World War II, after the 1956 revolution of Hungary.
By the first years of the 1900’s the Roman Catholic members of the community became strong enough to establish an independent Hungarian parish. In the winter 1903, a voting ceremony took place at Columbia Hall (St. Peter’s Parish) led by McKeesport priest Kalman Kovacs, where the members decided the founding of the Hungarian parish. They got the license in the summer of 1904 from the Bishop of Trenton. The members called upon Fr. John Szeneczey of McAdoo, PA to lead their community, which was accepted. The father occupied his new service place in September 1904. The church record’s began with a baptism on October 2nd 1904. The establishment of the parish was in 25th October 1904, when the Saint Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church registered as a legal person. The masses were held at St. Peter’s halls for several months. The parishioners intended an important role for teaching their childer as well. To serve those need they started to build a school in 1914, which was already dedicated September 6th in the same year. We can say that the Hungarian education began 100 years ago in New Brunswick.
The number of weekend's Hungarian school (operated by St. Ladislaus Church and Magyar Reformed Church) around 170, however, the clock effects of assimilation is very strong. The St. Ladislaus Church still regarded as the center of local Hungarian community organization.

The study examines the Roman bathing culture at the province of Pannonia (today Dunántúl, in Hungary). The territory of the Roman Empire baths were built for public, military and private purposes. Hungary is rich in thermal water and many thermal waters were used in the Roman Age. In Latin terms the big bath was called therma, and the small bath was called balneum. In Aquincum (today Óbuda) there were 5 big baths during the Roman period. All of the Roman baths have an apodyterium, a changing room, a frigidarium, a cold water room, a tepidarium a heating room and a caldarium, a warm water room. They also have a topology, an order or classification to be used. There are row-type baths, where rooms follow each other in a row, and there are ring-type baths, where rooms follow each other in a round shape. There is also a double-row-type, meaning the baths were used together men and women, because Roman baths were used separately by men and women. In some cases the caldarium was doubled was doubled in size to serve more bathers. There is a symmetrical ring type, which is a mixture of the double row-type and the ring type. There is also a small emperor type, which is a mixture the row-type and the symmetrical ring-type baths. There is a large emperor type. In Hungary there were Roman baths in cities, in the legionary and in the auxiliary camps and in villas. Roman villas were built in the country and all the villas have baths.

In my presentation, I will present the Roman bath architecture of Sopianae. I will talk about Roman-era bathing architecture and bathing culture in general. Since Roman-era Pécs is currently located in a built-up area, we have little knowledge of its baths. The Roman people went to baths every day, bathing was a social activity. On the territory of the Roman Empire the baths were built for public, military and private purposes as well. All of the baths had apodyterium (-a changing room), frigidarium (-a cold water room), tepidarium (-a heating room) and caldarium (a warm water room). They also had tipology, an order or classification to be used. In my presentation, I will also cover the history of Sopianae. There was a public bath, at the Pécs-Postapalota site, the dating of which is disputed. The next bath is located at today’s Kereskedők Háza on the Roman level. The next bath is located in the underground garage of the building on the corner of Teréz street – Jókai street, Pécs. After describing the Roman baths of Sopianae, I will also cover the baths of the Roman villas in Baranya county. In our region, the province of Pannonia, the bathing culture was also significant.

Nationalism as a coherent idea emerged at the beginning of the 19th century under the inspiration of romantic worldview in Hungary. However, numerous concepts and elements, which romantic nationalism developed, survived the founding period of the so-called “reform era” and occurred later at crucial moments of national history. From time to time they served as a mobilizing force and symbols of national unity, but sometimes they changed their face and became bases of political, cultural or social exclusions.
In my contribution I’d like to present and follow the history of some of the substantive romantic ideas of Hungarian nationalism as they were used and instrumentalized in the Compromise era with an outlook to their later use. Romantic worldview influenced most of the Hungarian national symbols and cults, but its influence has also been significant in the history of Hungarian national identity. The evolving political romanticism of the late 19th century used the elements of the national past to visualize a triumphant national future, developed the contradictory concepts of state and cultural nationalisms, presented the cult of the Hungarian national mythology in an era of economic and social change. As a consequence, the originally liberal nationalism was channelled to the neo-conservative political ideas by the end of the Compromise era.

This round-table aims to foster lively discussion on the past, present, and future of nation-building in Canada, Hungary, and other successor states of the former Habsburg Empire. Using examples of national narratives that have been employed in some cases since 1867, participants will examine the meaning of sovereignty and the nation-state in a globalized world, as well as the situation and representation of national, ethnic, and indigenous minorities within their respective societies. By encouraging discussion with the audience, the round-table will explore aspects of the overall Congress theme from an international and multidisciplinary perspective.

Report on the progress of the journal, on the grant, and, in general, try to get our membership to participate more, to submit articles etc.

Discussion led by Louise O. Vasvári, E-Journal Editor, with the participation of Enikő M. Basa, Associate Editor; Steven Jobbitt, Technical Editor; Ilana Rosen, Book Review Editor; and Katalin Voros, Webmaster.

Since 2010, the European Union has faced uncontrolled migration. The migration crisis of 2015 showed that Member States are generally lacking solidarity and a single policy on migration. Instead of solidarity on the matter, this activated right-wing parties and the rise of nationalism as a consequence. Despite the fact that the problem of migration is still quite acute, it is important to note that from its prevention, the focus of research in migration studies is shifting to a specific solution to the already existing problem, a phenomenon in objective reality. In this study, the case study of Hungary and the ethnic mosaic is taken. Using existing national identity theories, the author experiments with models of integration and, las with a Rubik’s cube, offers different solutions to the problem of migration in Hungary.