Accepted Abstracts

Cultural Crossroads in Hungarian Literature (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
The Carpathian Basin is a text book case of cultural crossroads. In the 19th century the area was a multicultural unit, and Hungarian history and literature has probably minimized the differences. Still, there are real connections among the various ethnicities who have existed for many years together. In literature one can find connections among peoples which might be more relevant than the historical record suggests. Often outside forces exacerbated ethnic differences natives did not perceive as problematic. In my paper I will examine Peter Huncik's Határeset as an examination of the ethnic relations of Upper Hungary in the 20th century as the region changed hands from Hungary to Chechoslovakia, to Hungary and again to the Check state.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Eniko Molnar Basa, PhD, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1972 in Comparative Literature (English, German, French and Hungarian). Taught at U. of Maryland, Dunbarton College, American U. and Hood College before taking a position at the Library of Congress, 1978-2004, working in Hungarian, Finnish, German and English. Member of the Modern Language Association (1975-present) and founder of the Hungarian Group that became the Hungarian Forum. Founding member of the Southern Comparative Literature Association. Founder and Executive Director of the AHEA.

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Edward Prime-Stevenson’s Imre: A Memorandum (1906) as Travel Writing (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
This paper draws a parallel between sexual modernism and culture shock in Imre: A Memorandum by American music critic and author Edward Prime-Stevenson by reading the novelette as travel writing. The novella is considered the first openly gay fiction in English with a happy ending known to day. Critics often see the author’s biography in the memoirs of the travelling English narrator Oswald (see James Gifford’s introduction to the novel [2003] and Those Restless Pilgrimages [2002] edited by Tom Sargant). However, rarely do they analyse the text as travel writing and consider Oswald’s stay in the Hungarian milieu in detail. Imre was written in a crucial period of gay history. Following the endeavours of sexual modernists of German-speaking Central Europe, English-speaking doctors and authors started writing about the history and medicalisation of same-sex desire. For instead, the term “homosexual” had just barely entered the English language in 1892; however, the distribution of texts openly concerning same-sex desire was limited; therefore, these “scripts” were virtually inaccessible to lay-readers including homosexual men as well. Prime-Stevenson’s novelette took the opportunity to offer an open description of homosexual love when the term “homosexual” had not yet been associated with pejorative connotations. Drawing on Christopher Vogler’s The Writer’s Journey (1999) and Jeffrey Herlihy-Mera’s lecture “Budapest in American Literature and Film” (2019), I intend to demonstrate that Imre: A Memorandum as writing encapsulates the travels and translations of sexual modernism from German-speaking Central Europe to English-speaking cultures.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Zsolt Bojti is doctoral student at the Doctoral School of Literary Studies of Eötvös Loránd University. He graduated with honours in 2016 with a degree in English literature. His doctoral dissertation focuses on the connection between Hungarophilia and sexual modernism in fin-de-siécle gay literature. Currently, he is working on the first-ever Hungarian translation and edition of Imre: A Memorandum by Edward Prime-Stevenson, supported by the ÚNKP-19-3 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology.

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Elizabeth of Hungary in the Romances of Wolfram von Eschenbach and Albrecht von Scharfenberg (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
The figure of Sigune in Wolfram von Eschenbach's early thirteenth century romance Parzival is surely a direct reference to Elizabeth of Hungary who was engaged to be married to the oldest son of Hermann I of Thuringia, Wolfram's patron. Hermann's son, also named Hermann, died before the marriage could take place. Elizabeth married Hermann's second son, Ludwig. In the text, the young Sigune is in love with Schionatulander (le jeune de la lande, the youth from the country). Sadly, Schionatulander dies. The story is an exact parallel of the experience of the young Elizabeth at Hermann's court at the Wartburg and she would have been present while Wolfram was composing the work and most certainly knew the author. Moreover, the name Sigune itself might be better interpreted as Hungarian word rather than as French for cousin. This paper examines the evidence for reading Sigune as a character based on Elizabeth of Hungary as present in Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival and his Titurel as well as in der jüngere Titurel by Albrecht von Scharfenberg.



Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Stephen Mark Carey is an associate professor and chair of German Studies at the University of Minnesota. Professor Carey earned his Ph.D. at Washington University in St. Louis and has published on Medieval European Literature with an emphasis on the 12th and 13th centuries, Historical Linguistics, Second Language Acquisition, Novel Theory, German and Scandinavian Literature and Gender Studies.

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Hogyan beszélnek magyarul a horvátországi magyarok? Utolsó (?) pillanatkép. (Accepted)

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Abstract (max. 250 words):
Az előadás ízelítőt ad a 2013‒14-ben végzett kutatásainkból (lásd Kontra, szerk, A magyar nyelv Horvátországban, 2016, https://www.gondolatkiado.hu/a-magyar-nyelv-horvatorszagban). Egyrészt szó lesz a magyarul is beszélők demográfiai, politikai, oktatási stb. helyzetéről, másrészt nyelvi-nyelvhasználati különbségekről és azonosságokról a magyarországi, a vajdasági és a muravidéki magyar vonatkozásában. Hogy utolsó pillanatképről van-e szó, vagy netán utolsóelőttiről, az az előadás végén fog kiderülni.




Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Kontra Miklós a Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem nyelvész professzora és A magyar nyelv a Kárpát-medencében a XX. század végén könyvsorozat szerkesztője. 1978‒-81-ben az Indiana Egyetem (Bloomington, IN) magyar lektora volt. Társszerzője (Ruth Bíróval és Radnai T. Zsófiával) a Hungarian Picture Dictionary for Young Americans című képes szótárnak (Budapest, 1989) és szerzője a Fejezetek a South Bend-i magyar nyelvhasználatból c. könyvnek (Budapest, 1990).

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Discursive Events and Conversational Shifts in Gyula Krúdy's Narratives (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
The current paper considers the special meaning of micro-events in serial narratives of Gyula Krúdy. It reflects on this topic which is highlighted in this context because of the transitions from agents' activity to the conversational level. The importance of living speech and its tonal and thematic shifts are of special interest in this paper. As an essential part of the narration, small discursive events can not be properly understood in abstract means but principally in particular terms because characters who are involved in the events and social norms that regulate their behavior have special relevance. There are a large number of narratological patterns, ethical and emotional ideas and attitudes generating tension as a driving force of small discursive events. Using cognitive as well as rhetorical tools this paper aims to discover the overall effect of this phenomenon on readers’ understanding of these narrative micro-events.



Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Zsombor Lábadi is professor of Department of Hungarian Language and Literature at J.J. Strossmayer University in Osijek. He is author of two monographs, A lebegés iróniája. Sziveri szinopszis (2008) and Irodalom, beszéd, szöveg (2011). He can be reached at zlabadi@ffos.hr.

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Between East and West: Serb and Hungarian Modernism During the Fin de Siècle (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
The journalist and “poet laureate” of Hungarian modernism, Endre Ady (1877-1919), was the first to distinguish between the idea of a rebellious, “Asian nomadic” mentality and Hungary’s cultural backwardness within the concept of “Hungarianness.” Inspired by Ady’s transmission of Western culture, the expressionist Serb author and poet, Miloš Crnjanski (1893-1977), similarly sought to reconcile the Orthodox Serb Church’s stance with aspects of Western culture. The aim of this lecture is to demonstrate how Ady and Hungarian modernism influenced Serb literature at a time when both cultures found themselves at a crossroads and took the third route of preserving those Eastern traditions that proved compatible with progressive, Western values instead of choosing either East or West. It is therefore no surprise that Ady and the Hungarian age of reform provided a reference point for Veljko Petrović (1884-1967) and Miloš Crnjanski when they formulated their ideas regarding this “third route,” a venture during which Serb authors would “shoulder to shoulder” with Hungarian authors. Endre Ady’s influence also led Serb authors to experience a deepening of their identity that in turn reaffirmed their commitment to modernism. This latter process was greatly enhanced by the translation of modern Serb poetry into Hungarian, a factor that enabled Serb modernism to turn toward the West, yet still maintain its Eastern traditions.




Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Since 2000, Nikola Lasztity has been an Adjunct Professor at Eötvös Loránd University’s Faculty of Primary and Preschool Education (ELTE TÓK), in Budapest, Hungary. After attaining his degree in Serb-Croatian Studies in 1996 at ELTE BTK, he began conducting academic research mainly in the field of nineteenth-century Serb literature before turning his attention to modern Serb poetry. He defended his doctoral dissertation, An Introduction to the Poetry of Branko Miljkovic, in 2004. His most significant publications to date are entitled Serb-Hungarian Connections: A Compendium (2012) and Serb Civilization: University Notes (2015).

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Sándor Bródy's Lyon Lea: Crossing Social Boundaries and International Borders (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
Considered the first dramatic work to depict World War I on stage in Hungarian, Sándor Bródy’s play, Lyon Lea (1915), crossed both social boundaries and international borders. While theater audiences stormed its venue, Vígszínház [‘Comedy Theater’], for tickets, critics from the Catholic, Protestant and Jewish press were outraged by its frank display of physicality and supposed disregard for religious tenets. Critics from the secular press—including Zoltán Szász’s review in Nyugat [‘West’]—meanwhile raised the question of whether the play should be categorized as “Jewish literature” and what influence its display of “exotic” Jewish culture had on Budapest theatergoers. Once the world-known director, Sándor Korda (Alexander Korda), made Lyon Lea into a successful film in 1915, many critics were further outraged that Bródy’s work would be representing Hungarian culture within the international world of cinema. Although the original film no longer exists and only a handful of photographs published in the magazine, Színházi Élet [‘Theater Life’], reveal how the play/film was originally staged, this lecture will trace the effect Lyon Lea had on Budapest’s audience during the first years of World War I by examining its original text and critical reception.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Maya J. Lo Bello (PhD candidate) is an Assistant Professor at ELTE TÓK’s Department of Foreign Language and Literature, where she teaches English-language courses and literature. She is currently completing her PhD in Modern Hungarian Language and Literature at ELTE BTK; her research focuses on the role played by the impressionistic critic and editor, Miksa Fenyő, in both the modern literature movement of Nyugat [‘West’] and the industrialization of Hungary’s economy via his position at the Hungarian Industrialists’ Association, GyOSz. Her latest study, "Chasing Impressions: A Comparative Cultural Analysis of Impressionistic Criticism in Hungary", was published in 2019 by the University of Pennsylvania’s journal, Comparative Literature Studies. Maya Lo Bello translates extensively and is Technical Editor of the e-journal, Hungarian Cultural Studies.

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Between Hungarian and Hebrew: The Poetic and the Political in Avigdor Hameiri’s Translation, of Imre Madách’s play, Az ember tragédiája (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
The first Hebrew translation of the canonical nineteenth-century Hungarian play Az ember tragédiája (The tragedy of Man) by Imre Madách appeared In 1924, by Avigdor Hameiri (Feuerstein) and was acknowledged by the Hungarian Academy . Hameiri (1886– Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1970 - Israel), the most important representative of Hungarian Jewry Israeli writer, was one of the first modernists in the Hebrew culture, influenced by Ady Endre his personal friend. In 1968 Hameiri was awarded the Israel Prize, the state’s highest honor.

Hameiri’s transposition of a work of Hungarian culture to the Hebrew language, which was undergoing a revival, took place while he was consolidating his Hebrew-Zionist identity, which was characterized by what postcolonialism would term hybridity, because he also identified with Hungarian culture and was torn between the two. His translation in a biblical style attempts to transform the work into an almost original Hebrew work so as to create a symbolic fusion of the two cultures, as happened in the consciousness of the translator and also like that defined theoretically in Walter Benjamin’s “The Task of the Translator.” In Hameiri’s translation of the title, he changed the word meaning “tragedy” to a word meaning “vision.” This paper suggests reasons for this change.




Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Dr. Miriam Neiger-Fleischmann is a literary scholar, poet and visual artist. She is
currently visiting scholar at the Hebrew
Literature Department, The Hebrew
University of Jerusalem, writing a monograph about the poetry of Avigdor Hameiri. Miriam Neiger-Fleischmann was born in Komarno-Komarom, Slovakia in 1948, came to Israel in 1949 and lives and works in Jerusalem. She speaks Hungarian fluently.
See more: www.miriamneiger.com

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"Az amerikai város": Framing Kosztolányi's (1885-1936) View of America and American Literature: The Influence of Joseph Reményi (1892-1956) (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
Kosztolányi and Reményi’s views about America, along with that of other intellectuals of their generation, provide a window into the prevailing perspective of Hungarians about Americans and American Literature in the early 20th century. Did the sweeping Hungarian belief of the American obsession with money, the “dollár láz,” as depicted in Reményi’s autobiographical novel Emberek, ne sírjatok (Berlin, 1926), which Kosztolányi reviewed in one of his literary essays (1927), play a part in numerous references in Kosztolányi’s own writings? Kosztolányi, who translated American writers such as Poe, Emerson, Longfellow, Whitman, Wilder, and reviewed dramatists such as Eugene O’Neill, had befriended Reményi in the 1920s. Kosztolányi’s short stories have American characters, and he more than once mentions Cleveland, Ohio. How would he have known of these places and peoples other than via Reményi’s influence? Reményi wrote disparagingly not just about Americans but also about the Cleveland Hungarian Americans of the first decades of the 20th century for their shallowness, materialism, and indiscriminate imitation of European culture. Kosztolányi’s views, however, evolved over the decades, passing from a relatively negative assessment of Americans and American literature, to America as the place for innovation and experimentation, a place for a new start influenced by Italian futurism (e.g., speed, technology, youth. . .) which urged throwing off the shackles of the past. In this paper, the presenter proposes to resurrect Reményi from literary oblivion and to restore his place in a literary golden age alongside of Kosztolányi and the Nyugat generation.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
James V. Pavlish is an adjunct professor of Spanish language and literature at John Carroll University in Cleveland, OH. He holds a BS in Linguistics from Georgetown University, an MA in Spanish from Cleveland State University, and of Master’s in Theology from St. Mary Graduate School of Theology (OH). He has read several papers on the works of Dezső Kosztolányi, and papers on comparative literature at numerous national and international venues, the three most recent being the Crossing Borders Conference in Vasto, Italy (2017), and AHEA conferences at Cleveland State University (2018) and the University of Pittsburgh (2019).

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“ ‘Páris felett a furcsán elborult hajnal. . .’: Radnóti and his French Connections” (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
In abundant biographies, Miklós Radnóti, one of the greatest Hungarian poets of the 20th century, very little concrete scholarship has appeared on the influence on his oeuvre of French authors, or his visits to Paris (1931, 1937, 1939). The Colonial Exposition of 1931 and the waning years of Parisian “negrophilia” even turned his attention toward African cultures, an interest that he maintained throughout his life, as evidenced by his eventual (1934) translation of a series of African folk tales: Karunga a holtak ura. Néger legendák. In 1930, Radnóti had enrolled at Szeged University, majoring in Hungarian and French. While his PhD was on Margit Kaffka, his early influences included French symbolists Baudelaire and Verlaine. His translations from French on the works of La Fontaine and Montherlant were an influence on his literary development. In his 1934 essay, he discusses French “exoticists” including Apollinaire and Blaise Cendrars. While works such as his lyrical “Juliusi vers” (1931) dates from his first Paris trip, his return trip in 1937 was to a very different Paris: he experienced first-hand public demonstrations in the streets and anxieties stemming from the Spanish Civil War next door. Living in the Hôtel des Trois Collèges across from the Sorbonne during the summers of 1937 and 1939, he recalls this period in his poem “Paris” (1943). A commemorative plaque by the hotel entrance celebrates the memory of Radnóti with a quotation from his “Hispánia, Hispánia”: “Népek kiáltják sorsodat, szabadság! ma délután is érted szállt az ének.” This paper seeks to add nuances to the intense and moving poetic production of a poet’s idyllic world eventually colliding violently with a tragic socio-political reality and pain in his verses that reflect the horror and suffering caused by Nazi persecution unleashed in particular against people of Jewish heritage.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Mártha Pereszlényi-Pintér is the former Chairperson of the Department of Classical and Modern Languages and Cultures and Associate Professor of French at John Carroll University in Cleveland, OH. She earned her Ph.D. in Romance Languages from The Ohio State University, and studied at the Institut de Touraine (Tours) and the Bryn Mawr Program (Avignon) in France. Her research and publication accomplishments include French and also Hungarian Literature and Culture of the pre-modern period (Medieval, Renaissance, 17th century), Film, and Language for Business & the Professions. She has read papers at national and international conferences. While at OSU, she wrote or co-wrote 16 manuals for individualized instruction in both French and Hungarian with group grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Annenberg Foundation. She was born in Austria and emigrated to the USA with her Hungarian parents. She is also a past President of AHEA, and chaired or co-chaired four past AHEA annual Conferences.

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Melinda Nadj Abonji (Nagy Abonyi): Writing World Literature as a Swiss Vojvodina Hungarian (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
Recipient of the Swiss Book Prize and the German Book Prize (2010) for her novel Fly Away Pigeon (Tauben fliegen auf; Galambok röppennek föl), Melinda Nadj Abonji has brought stories about Vojvodina Hungarians onto the Swiss-German and world literary scene. This novel is an autobiographical tale of the immigrant experience, told in the author's beautiful musical and poetical prose that fuses languages and cultures. My paper will focus on Nagy Abonyi's recent novel Schildkrötensoldat (2018; Tortoise Soldier; no English or Hungarian translation to date). I argue that this novel is a prime example of world literature in Homi Bhabha's sense, i.e. it can be read as a piece of postcolonial literature as it pertains to migrants, the displaced, and the marginalized. I read "Tortoise Soldier" as a multilingual postcolonial and worldly (Edward Said) narrative that brings to the cultural "centre" of German-language literature produced in Switzerland voices of a cultural minority from the European "periphery" to express the limits of language through the perspective of Zoltán Kertész, a marginalized and subaltern character. Faced with prejudice, racism and abuse since childhood, the stutterer Zoltán gets drafted along with other Vojvodina Hungarians into the brutal interethnic Yugoslav war. Nagy Abonyi's powerful narrative demonstrates its worldliness not only in how it remains connected to the hybrid cultural spaces of the author and the main character but also in the ways it carries a universal message as a postmodern anti-war novel through its criticism of the toxic impositions of murderous masculinity.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Agatha Schwartz holds a PhD in German (Queen's University) and is Professor of German and world literatures and cultures at the University of Ottawa. Her research areas are 19-21st century Central European literature and culture, women’s writing, and narratives of trauma. Her books were published by McGill-Queen's UP, the University of Ottawa Press, Ariadne Press, and Northwestern UP, among others. Her numerous articles appeared in academic journals such as Hungarian Cultural Studies, Hungarian Studies, Slavonica, Hungarian Studies Review, Seminar, German Studies Review, Journal of Austrian Studies, Oxford German Studies, and others.

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ECL Language Exam of Hungarian as a Foreign Language (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
My presentation first will provide a brief overview of the ECL language exam of Hungarian as a foreign language. Next, my aim is to introduce the prospective international examinees and the potential stake-holders outside Hungary who can benefit from taking the exam. Thirdly, through the example of Hungarian communities living in the USA, I will discuss how heritage-speakers of Hungarian can utilize the ECL language exam in Hungarian as an equivalent to the bi-literacy seal acknowledged in 36 states in America.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Katalin Wéber currently works as a test developer in ECL Language Exam Centre, University of Pécs. She graduated in 1992 (Hungarian and English major), earned her doctorate in linguistics in 2012. Her major research fields are the Hungarian conjugations, language acquisition, foreign language assessment. She translated several books from English and Polish and worked as a literary editor.

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A napló mint túlélőeszköz: naplóvezetés és túlélési stratégiák ostromnaplók tükrében (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
Budapest II. világháború alatti ostromáról számos önéletrajzi szöveg maradt fenn. E szövegek jelentős része ma már a szélesebb olvasóközönség számára is hozzáférhető. Az utóbbi évtizedben különösen élénk kiadói és olvasói érdeklődés nyilvánult meg a Budapest ostroma alatt született naplók iránt, melynek egyik oka a Magvető Kiadó „Tények és tanúk” könyvsorozatának újraindítása volt. Előadásomban az ostromnaplókból kirajzolódó hétköznapi történelmet vizsgálom, vagyis azt, hogy miként élték meg a történelem „statisztái”, a városi fronvonalon rekedt civilek a békeidők erkölcsi és materiális rendjének megrázkódtatásait. Miféle túlélési stratégiák bontakoztak ki az üldözött zsidók, a szemtanú „keresztények”, nők, férfiak, gyerekek, hivatásos írók feljegyzéseiből vagy a „nagy idők” egyszerű tanúinak naplóiból? Hipotézisem szerint a változatos emberi tapasztalatokat megfogalmazó naplók nem csupán „hideg” reprezentációk, hanem maguk is részt vettek a történelmi esemény magánéleti dimenzióinak megképzésében. Nem csupán arról az ismert mentálhigiénés jelenségről van szó, hogy az írás segít a traumatikus esemény feldolgozásában, a nyelvivé és ezáltal nyilvánossá tett trauma objektiválásában, eltávolításában, a világ értelmességébe vettett, a túléléshez nélülözhetetlen hit fenntartásában. A naplók ugyanis sok esetben tervek, útvonalak, stratégiák megfogalmazásai is, gyakorlati cselekvési tervek előkészítései, melyek részt vesznek a cselekvések mentális előkészítésében, bejáratásában. Előadásomban különböző ostromnaplók különböző „túlélőeszközeit” mutatom be írás és gyakorlati cselekvés összefüggéseit vizsgálva.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
Zoltán Z. Varga (1970) is senior fellow at Institute for Literary Studies, Research Center for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary and associate professor at University of Pécs, Hungary. His main fields of research are autobiographical genres in modern literature, comparative literature and modern Hungarian literature. He published several papers in Hungarian, in French and in English. He is a member of IABA-Europe (International Auto/Biographic Association) and the International Comparative Literature Association (ICLA). He is member of the editorial board of the Neohelicon (a major international journal in comparative literature) and the European Journal of Life Writing.

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Hungarian-Romanian Cultural Relations as Reflected by Old Hungarian Language Use in Transylvania (Accepted)

Type of Abstract (select):

Abstract (max. 250 words):
It is a well-known fact that there has always been a very intense cultural relation between Hungarians and Romanians living in Transylvania. The imprints of these cultural relations can be found in both languages in the sense that Romanian dialects In Transylvania have numerous Hungarian elements, and vice versa.This paper presents this subject from a historic perspective. The source of the research is the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania, which is the complete thesaurus of old Hungarian language use in Transylvania of the period between the 15th and 19th centuries.
The hypothesis of the paper is that the Romanian influence was quite strong in the above-mentioned period, thus there must be many words of Romanian origin in the Historical Dictionary. These words can be grouped based on which area of everyday-life received the most impact from the Romanian culture: gastronomy, clothing, traditions/superstitions, religion etc. In conclusion the aim of the paper is to present how language can reflect the cultural influence of one nation on another one.


Brief Professional Bio (max. 100 words):
I graduated from Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj in 2000. For two years I worked at Brassai Samuel Highschool as teacher of English and Hungarian. Since 2002 I have been working at the Department of Hungarian and General Linguistics of Babes-Bolyai University first as assistant lecturer, then as lecturer. I obtained my PhD degree in 2007. I teach the following disciplines: historical linguistics, morphology, syntax, pragmatics. My research is focused on the Hungarian language use in Transylvania between the 15th and 19th centuries. This interest is closely related to the fact that I was a member of the editorial team of the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania.

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